Maroc - EURASIAREVIEW.COM - A la une - 29/Jul 00:04

Indonesia’s Balancing Act: Navigating A Path Of Sovereignty And Independence In A Multipolar World – OpEd

Indonesia, a nation of considerable geopolitical significance, confronts a pivotal choice in its foreign policy. The global landscape is presently dominated by powerful entities such as the United States, the European Union, China, Russia, Australia, and Japan. Given this context, it becomes paramount for Indonesia to chart its trajectory and pursue a foreign policy that is both independent and proactive. By doing so, Indonesia can position itself as a noteworthy participant on the international stage, safeguarding its sovereignty and advancing its national interests.  Historically, Indonesia's foreign policy was characterized by its engagement in the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) during the Cold War era. The NAM emerged as a means to provide an alternative path for nations unwilling to align themselves with either the Western Bloc or the Eastern Bloc. Indonesia's inaugural President, Sukarno, played a pivotal role in promoting the principles of non-alignment, which centred on notions of sovereignty, mutual respect, and non-interference. Such principles enabled Indonesia to navigate the complexities of international relations without yielding to the influence of major powers. Nevertheless, Indonesia's foreign policy has gradually shifted over time, as it sought varying degrees of alignment with different global actors. In today's geopolitical landscape, major powers wield greater influence than ever before. The United States and China, in particular, find themselves engaged in a strategic rivalry that reverberates throughout global politics. Additionally, the European Union, Russia, Australia, and Japan exert considerable influence in shaping international relations. Southeast Asia, encompassing Indonesia, constitutes a focal point of this geopolitical competition. The strategic placement of Indonesia in the Indo-Pacific region, coupled with its economic and political stability, renders it an indispensable actor. However, this also leaves Indonesia susceptible to pressures exerted by major powers, urging it to align its interests with theirs.  To navigate the complex and multifaceted landscape of global politics, Indonesia should prioritize a foreign policy that emphasizes independence and the protection of its sovereignty and national interests. By pursuing an independent foreign policy, Indonesia can make decisions that prioritize its own people and national well-being without being unduly influenced by external forces. This approach is particularly important to avoid over-reliance on any single major power, which can leave a nation vulnerable and limit its autonomy. History shows that smaller nations that align too closely with major powers often become embroiled in conflicts and crises that they did not instigate. Therefore, Indonesia should learn from these past examples and avoid making similar mistakes. Indonesia needs to adopt a more active foreign policy that entails engagement with a wider array of countries, rather than relying primarily on a few major powers. Strengthening ties within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) should be a priority, as it fosters regional stability and cooperation. Throughout its history, ASEAN has played a significant role in shaping Indonesia's foreign policy by providing a platform for dialogue and collaboration. By assuming a leadership position within ASEAN, Indonesia can contribute to the formulation of regional policies that align with its interests and values. Furthermore, Indonesia should expand its diplomatic outreach to other emerging economies in regions such as Africa, Latin America, and other parts of Asia. By establishing relationships with a diverse range of nations, Indonesia can enhance its global standing and create opportunities for economic and political cooperation. This diversified approach will help Indonesia avoid excessive dependence on any single power and enable the country to navigate the international landscape more effectively. Economic independence is a crucial aspect of an independent foreign policy. Indonesia should prioritize efforts to enhance its economic self-reliance by promoting domestic growth and innovation. This entails focusing on key sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, and technology, as well as encouraging foreign investment while maintaining control over strategic industries. Achieving economic independence will provide Indonesia with the resources and resilience necessary to pursue an independent foreign policy while reducing vulnerability to external pressures.  An independent and active foreign policy offers numerous benefits for Indonesia. Firstly, it enhances the country's global respect and influence. Nations that maintain their independence and act responsibly on the global stage are often respected and trusted by others. Indonesia's commitment to sovereignty and non-alignment positions it as a credible and influential player on the world stage.  Secondly, an independent foreign policy grants Indonesia greater negotiating power in international forums and treaties. By not being tied to any major power, Indonesia can negotiate from a position of strength and ensure that its interests are well-represented and protected. This is particularly important in trade agreements, climate change negotiations, and security arrangements. Lastly, an independent foreign policy aligns with Indonesia's sustainable development goals. By prioritizing domestic growth and innovation, Indonesia can pursue sustainable economic development that benefits its people and the environment. An independent foreign policy also allows Indonesia to advocate for global policies that promote environmental sustainability, social justice, and economic equity. However, there are challenges in pursuing an independent and active foreign policy. Indonesia will face pressure from major powers to align with their interests. Navigating this requires diplomatic skill and strategic foresight. Indonesia must develop strategies to resist external pressures while maintaining constructive relationships with all major powers. This involves a delicate balancing act, managing relationships without compromising independence. Domestic support is crucial as well. The Indonesian government must ensure that its foreign policy decisions are supported by the public and political institutions. This involves transparent communication, public engagement, and building a national consensus on the importance of an independent foreign policy. Domestic support will provide the government with the legitimacy and mandate needed to pursue its foreign policy objectives.  Recommendations: Reaffirm commitment to the principles of non-alignment and sovereignty. Strengthen ties within the ASEAN region and assume a leadership position in promoting regional stability. Broaden diplomatic outreach to a wide array of countries, especially those classified as emerging economies. Augment economic self-reliance through fostering domestic growth, and innovation, and exerting strategic control over critical industries. Formulate strategies to withstand external pressures while concurrently nurturing constructive relationships with major global powers. Secure domestic backing for foreign policy determinations through transparent communication and active engagement with the public. In conclusion, Indonesia is at a critical juncture in its foreign policy. Pursuing a more independent and active foreign policy is essential for maintaining sovereignty, promoting national interests, and enhancing global influence. By avoiding closer alignment with major powers, Indonesia can navigate the complex international landscape more effectively and assert itself as a major global actor. This approach will require strategic foresight, diplomatic skills, and domestic support, but the benefits outweigh the challenges. An independent and active foreign policy will position Indonesia as a respected and influential global player capable of shaping its destiny in increasingly complex words. The opinions expressed in this article are the author's own. References Anwar, Dewi Fortuna. "Indonesia’s Strategic Culture: Ketahanan Nasional, Wawasan Nusantara, and Hankeram." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, vol. 49, no. 3, 2018, pp. 408-432. Weatherbee, Donald E. "Indonesia in ASEAN: Vision and Reality." 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