Maroc - NEWSDAY.CO.TT - A la Une - Hier 04:41

Two islands, six corners

Faraaz Abdool invites you to explore the unique and diverse habitats and species that exist in every corner of Trinidad and Tobago. Our unique islands at the southernmost extreme of the Caribbean archipelago have distinct geological histories, giving rise to an astounding level of biodiversity. TT is a special combination of continents. Drawing from their collective disparate origins, the country boasts the second-highest species density of birds on Earth. The impressive species density is the result of the country’s equatorial location along a major migratory pathway as well as the varied habitats that occupy the untamed parts from end to end. Northeast Tobago includes the islands of Saint Giles the country’s northernmost land holdings. At just above 11 degrees 20 minutes North, these lie near to the nutrient-rich, deep water of the Atlantic Ocean. The islets scattered around this tip of Tobago attract a variety of seabirds. These graceful creatures of the open ocean visit these uninhabited islands annually to breed. The combination of no terrestrial predators and proximity to excellent fishing is irresistible for thousands of tropicbirds, terns, frigatebirds, and boobies. [caption id="attachment_1128779" align="alignnone" width="1024"] Few airports have a view like that of Crown Point, Tobago. - Photo courtesy Joanna Husain[/caption] This end of mainland Tobago features a ridge-to-reef ecosystem, with steep, heavily forested slopes giving way to rocky coastlines – many of which remain relatively inaccessible. Southwestern Tobago, just 40 kilometres away, is a world apart. Here can be found the only stands of mangrove forest on the island. Surrounding coral reefs buffer the impact of the ocean, giving rise to a different cast of shoreline characters. Frequented by an array of plovers and sandpipers, the beaches and slow-moving waterways of southwest Tobago are essential for the survival of countless long-distance migratory birds. While these birds do not visit to breed – their breeding grounds turn to ice each winter – to survive they must spend this time in appropriate tropical climes like ours. Also escaping the cold are many species of warblers – tiny songbirds that breed in the boreal forests of North America and rely on our wetlands to survive the winter months. Northeastern Trinidad by contrast is draped in dense lower montane forest. Only at the wind-blasted fringe does this change to the littoral vegetation of seagrape and gnarled almond trees that line the road along the coast. Just venture a short distance inland to experience large-limbed and bromeliad-laden trees. [caption id="attachment_1128785" align="alignnone" width="1024"] Sunset at Galera Point, Toco. -[/caption] Within this still relatively untamed forest is the last stronghold of the Trinidad piping-guan. Officially listed as Critically Endangered, this large, turkey-like bird is found nowhere else on the planet except in the eastern end of the Northern Range. Birders from all around the world descend upon the remote village of Grande Riviere in particular to have a chance of seeing this imperilled species. [caption id="attachment_1128784" align="alignnone" width="1024"] Grande Riviere remains a stronghold of the endemic Trinidad piping-guan, found nowhere else in the world. - Photo courtesy Faraaz Abdool[/caption] Southeast Trinidad – the heel of the boot, as some say – is one of the wildest regions of the island. The Trinity Hills Game Sanctuary is an off-limits wildlife reserve, within which no hunting is permitted at any time. All of TT's mammalian terrestrial fauna breed in this sanctuary, including the ocelot, the Caribbean’s only native feline apex predator. Protected from persecution, birds and all forms of wildlife should thrive. [caption id="attachment_1128783" align="alignnone" width="1024"] Despite being uninhabited, Chacachacare Island collects human waste that makes its way from the Gulf of Paria. - Photo courtesy Joanne Husain[/caption] Sadly, this is not the case, as hunters brazenly frequent the sanctuary without regard. Surely, with suitable management and enforcement, this region should be the seat of repopulation for many species and a very desirable location for visiting adventurers and ecotourists. [caption id="attachment_1128782" align="alignnone" width="1024"] For most of the year sooty terns are foraging over the open ocean, but when they wish to breed a significant population returns to St Giles.- Photo courtesy Faraaz Abdool[/caption] Northwest Trinidad is considerably more accessible, by virtue of infrastructure and proximity to areas of dense human habitation. This western end of the Northern Range is home to a surprising variety of species, including some that are relatively uncommon or rare elsewhere. A hike or bike ride through Chaguaramas can lead to sightings of brightly coloured trogons or cryptic, hidden nightjars. Further west, the Bocas Islands bear a closer geological relation to Tobago than Trinidad – a fact made abundantly clear by the presence of species that are common to these islands and Tobago, but remain absent from Trinidad. [caption id="attachment_1128780" align="alignnone" width="1024"] Stillness at sunrise at Icacos Lagoon. - Photo courtesy Joanne Husain[/caption] Southwest Trinidad brings you through several habitats. Verdant yet gently undulating hills funnel rainwater into waterways that feed swathes of marshland. Although not as large as the more famous Caroni and Nariva Swamps, there are a few notable wetlands on both northern and southern boundaries of the Cedros peninsula. These marshes are rife with species common on the South American mainland, a testament to our connected past. From meadowlarks to yellowthroats, tody-flycatchers to bitterns – these are all species that are absent from the rest of the Caribbean, Tobago included! [caption id="attachment_1128781" align="alignnone" width="1024"] A pair of migratory greater yellowlegs in Bon Accord Lagoon – one of the last remaining habitats available for globetrotters like these. The area is currently being developed for a housing settlement. Once this happens these birds will have nowhere to go for the winter. - Photo courtesy Faraaz Abdool[/caption] Tucked away in this spit of land is also a tiny patch of wet savanna habitat. A remnant from prehistoric times when glyptodons and giant sloths reigned supreme, this disappearing region is characterised by the stands of moriche palms. Humans remain the biggest threat, with hundreds of acres currently being cleared for cattle ranching. Fortunately, a larger section of this habitat persists in Aripo as well. All efforts must be made to preserve this relic, truly a land before time. The two islands of TT form one country, but conceal infinite avenues for amazement in the form of their natural heritage. Peeling back the layers as one drifts inland from each of the six corners reveals hidden wonders and new experiences around every bend. Even in places where we have already removed swathes of forest, all it takes is attention to notice how easily the natural world can regenerate, sustaining life on our islands and planet.   The post Two islands, six corners appeared first on Trinidad and Tobago Newsday.